Hollow Multishelled Structure: Precision Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Application.

Hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) integrates concentric shells, intershell voids and hierarchical interfaces into spatiotemporally ordered microenvironments that couple active-site exposure, mass transport and multistep reaction control. In this work, we compare sequential templating, hard- and soft-templating, template-free and emerging conversion routes, emphasizing control over shell number, spacing, composition, crystallinity and heterointerfaces. We then establish structure-performance relationships across the oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions as well as CO2 reduction, nitrate/nitric oxide reduction, alcohol oxidation and Li-S battery. Particular attention is given to confinement-enhanced reactant enrichment, directional transport, intershell electronic interactions and structural buffering, which collectively govern activity, selectivity and durability. Finally, we identify the key barriers to practical deployment: atomic-scale structural control, mechanistic resolution, scalable synthesis; we also outline design principles for translating HoMS from architecturally complex nanomaterials into efficient and robust electrocatalysts.