Nondestructive quality control across the life cycle of bioprinted products.

Bioprinting is a transformative technology paving the way toward complex tissue-engineered products, yet its translation is constrained by major quality control challenges. Variability in cells, bioinks, bioprinting parameters, and tissue maturation can compromise reproducibility and product consistency. Addressing such variability requires repeated measurements across the multistage, multifactorial bioprinting pipeline that conventional destructive assays cannot provide. In this opinion article, we argue that nondestructive testing (NDT) should become an enabling component of reliable bioprinting. We discuss how complementary NDT modalities could support monitoring, optimization, automation, and scalability in the short term, while validated multimodal strategies could support clinical translation in the long term.