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Войти в исследования Preventive medicine reports · 2026
Nicotine and heavy metal exposure in recent exclusive cigar users: Insights from the U.S. population assessment of tobacco and health study wave 7 (2022-2023).
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Rezk-Hanna Mary, Adolfo Amanda, Warda Umme S, Brecht Mary-Lynn, Benowitz Neal L
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Population-level biomarker data among recent exclusive cigar users remain limited. We examined nicotine exposure (urinary TNE-2) and heavy metal biomarkers among recent exclusive cigar users, cigarette users and never tobacco users using PATH Wave 7 (2022-2023) data.
METHODS: We compared geometric mean urinary cadmium, lead, uranium, cotinine, and TNE-2 among exclusive cigar users (n = 79), exclusive cigarette users (n = 1192), and never tobacco users (n = 691). Users were classified by last use as Today (same-day biospecimen collection), or Yesterday/Day Before (1-2 days earlier). Survey-weighted regression assessed unadjusted and covariate-adjusted group differences.
RESULTS: Cigar users were predominantly male, older (≥55 years), non-Hispanic Black, and had higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions/risk factors than cigarette users (p < 0.05). Compared with never users, same-day cigar users had higher cadmium, uranium, cotinine and TNE-2 (all p < 0.01). Cadmium and lead levels were comparable between same-day cigar and cigarette users (p = ns), whereas uranium was higher among cigar users (p < 0.05). Adjusted models showed higher cadmium, uranium, and nicotine biomarkers in same-day cigar users, and lead and nicotine biomarkers in yesterday/day-before cigar users, versus never users.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower nicotine biomarkers, same-day cigar users had cadmium and lead concentrations similar to same-day cigarette smoking, while uranium was higher unadjusted. These findings support cigar regulation and cessation efforts.
METHODS: We compared geometric mean urinary cadmium, lead, uranium, cotinine, and TNE-2 among exclusive cigar users (n = 79), exclusive cigarette users (n = 1192), and never tobacco users (n = 691). Users were classified by last use as Today (same-day biospecimen collection), or Yesterday/Day Before (1-2 days earlier). Survey-weighted regression assessed unadjusted and covariate-adjusted group differences.
RESULTS: Cigar users were predominantly male, older (≥55 years), non-Hispanic Black, and had higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions/risk factors than cigarette users (p < 0.05). Compared with never users, same-day cigar users had higher cadmium, uranium, cotinine and TNE-2 (all p < 0.01). Cadmium and lead levels were comparable between same-day cigar and cigarette users (p = ns), whereas uranium was higher among cigar users (p < 0.05). Adjusted models showed higher cadmium, uranium, and nicotine biomarkers in same-day cigar users, and lead and nicotine biomarkers in yesterday/day-before cigar users, versus never users.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower nicotine biomarkers, same-day cigar users had cadmium and lead concentrations similar to same-day cigarette smoking, while uranium was higher unadjusted. These findings support cigar regulation and cessation efforts.