Recurrent epithelioid trophoblastic tumor with complete response after surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is the rarest form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, accounting for 1.39-2% of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Its clinical behavior and pathogenesis remain poorly understood, and no standardized treatment guidelines currently exist, with surgery considered the most important therapeutic option. Emerging modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, are under investigation.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of recurrent ETT achieving complete response after combined surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Notably, the primary tumor arose from the urachus, without uterine involvement; to the best of our knowledge, this presentation has not previously been reported.

CONCLUSION

The present case highlights a novel primary site for ETT and suggests the potential efficacy of multimodal therapy, including immunotherapy, in managing recurrent disease.