Generalized net modelling of the male urinary system with prostate-related outflow obstruction.

The present paper proposes a generalized net model of the male urinary system that reflects the principal anatomical and functional relations among the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, nervous system, muscle system, and prostate gland, both in norm and pathology. Particular attention is given to the role of the prostate gland and to changes in urinary flow and bladder emptying associated with prostate-related outflow obstruction. By representing material and informational flows and their interactions across several physiological subsystems, the model is conceptually aligned with the perspective of network physiology. The proposed framework provides a formal basis for the qualitative comparison of normal and pathological states and for future extension, parameterization, scenario-based simulation, and clinical validation.