Multiseasonal modeling of pesticide resistance in maize stalk borer.

This study presents a comprehensive approach to modelling the infestation of maize by the maize stalk borer (Busseola fusca) using both chemical control and cultural practices consisting of post-harvest residue management. Two distinct mathematical models are developed: a semi-discrete integro-differential model and a semi-discrete differential model, each addressing different aspects of pest resistance. The integro-differential model captures the dynamics of quantitative resistance, considering resistance as a continuous variable from fully sensitive to fully resistant. The second model, on the other hand, accounts for qualitative resistance by incorporating discrete genetic mutations. Both models consider key factors such as pesticide decay rates, fitness costs associated with resistance, and the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Our findings highlight the critical role of fitness costs in delaying resistance development and demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness of IPM techniques over conventional chemical control. This dual-model approach provides a robust framework for designing sustainable pest management practices in agriculture.