[Research advances of Café-au-lait macules and related syndromes].

Café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are relatively common in clinical manifestations, mostly present with 1 to 3. Multiple CALMs are unusual and may reveal underlying hereditary diseases. This article summarizes clinical features and diagnostic criteria of some CALMs-related syndromes, aiming at enhancing clinicians' awareness of CALMs, improving the early diagnosis and intervention, and reducing or preventing the occurrence of severe complications.