A Comprehensive Study of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.): Botany, Phytochemistry, Cultivation, and Industrial Uses-Brewing, Pharmaceuticals, and Cosmetics.

Research on the multifaceted aspects of hops remains an active area of research with numerous publications appearing in recent years. In this article, we present a comprehensive review integrating foundational literature with contemporary studies, primarily those indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. We compile a broad range of information on the species, encompassing ethnobotanical and taxonomic data, including its taxonomic position, morphological characteristics, nomenclature, palynology, and karyology. This review also provides a synthesis of recent genome sequencing studies, research on plant-derived powders, and extensive phytochemical investigations, together with information on cultivation practices and diseases. Furthermore, it examines the industrial and economic applications of hops, highlighting their importance in brewing, their medicinal uses, and their incorporation into cosmetic formulations. Considerations regarding toxicity and the safety of hop extracts are also addressed. From both economic and human health perspectives, H. lupulus is a plant of remarkable versatility and significance. Therefore, sustained interdisciplinary research is essential to fully elucidate and harness its diverse potential. Ultimately, the primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of this species for researchers across the various disciplines and professional sectors mentioned above.