[Clinical analysis of 11 cases of oral adverse reactions associated with novel anti-tumor drugs].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of oral adverse reactions associated with novel anti-tumor drugs, providing references for early diagnosis and treatment to improve cancer patients' qualities of life and therapeutic efficacies. Methods: Clinical data and photographs of 11 tumor patients treated at Beijing Hospital from January 2020 to April 2025, who developed oral adverse reactions after receiving targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), were collected. A retrospective analysis was conducted to summarize the clinical characteristics of these oral adverse reactions. Results: Among the 11 patients with oral adverse reactions related to novel anti-tumor drugs, 3 patients received targeted therapy alone, 1 patient received ADC alone, 1 patient received a combination of targeted therapy and ADC, and 6 patients were treated with ICI alone. The time from the first administration of the novel anti-tumor drug to the onset of oral adverse reactions ranged from 0.5 to 18.0 months. The clinical manifestations of oral adverse reactions were various, with oral mucositis (9 cases) being the most common, followed by xerostomia (7 cases), oral candidiasis (4 cases,), hemangioma (1 case), and exacerbation of a pre-existing condition (vitiligo, 1 case). Most adverse reactions were graded as level 2 (moderate), with one case at grade 1 (mild) and one case at grade 3 (severe). Five patients experienced concomitant cutaneous adverse reactions, including 1 patient on targeted therapy, 1 on combined targeted therapy and ADC, and 3 on ICI, presenting mainly as xerosis cutis, maculopapular rash, folliculitis-like rash, and paronychia. For the 10 patients with common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 2 or higher, local administration of corticosteroids and antifungal medications were provided. Severe cases received systemic medication along with comprehensive supportive treatment. Symptoms in all patients were alleviated. Conclusions: Novel anti-tumor drugs can induce diverse oral adverse reactions, necessitating early recognition and intervention by oncologists and dentists. Through enhanced multidisciplinary collaboration and medical education, combined with local and systemic therapies, patients outcomes and qualities of life can be effectively improved.