Needs Analysis of Supportive Care for Postoperative Wound Rehabilitation in Anal Fistula Patients Based on the Kano Model.

OBJECTIVE

To qualitatively analyze the supportive care needs (including health education and nursing care) of anal fistula patients after fistulotomy using the Kano model.

METHODS

A total of 183 anal fistula patients who underwent fistulotomy from December 2021 to December 2023 were selected via cluster sampling. Sociodemographic data were collected, and a self-designed questionnaire based on the Kano model (validated through two rounds of expert consultation and referring to the related literature) was used to assess patients' supportive care needs. The questionnaire covered health education needs (eg, delivery methods, content) and nursing needs (eg, physiological and psychological support). Satisfaction indices (SI), dissatisfaction indices (DSI), and a DSI-SI matrix were calculated.

RESULTS

Among 12 health education needs, 3 were Must-be (M) (25.00%), 4 were One-dimensional (O) (33.33%), 4 were Attractive (A) (33.33%), and 1 was Indifferent (I) (8.33%). The DSI-SI matrix identified 2 high-priority (16.67%), 2 to-be-improved (16.67%), 3 secondary-improvement (25.00%), and 5 low-priority (41.67%) items. Among 12 nursing needs, 2 were M (16.67%), 3 were O (25.00%), and 7 were A (58.33%). The matrix showed 1 high-priority (8.33%), 1 to-be-improved (8.33%), 1 secondary-improvement (8.33%), and 9 low-priority (41.67%) items.

CONCLUSION

The Kano model effectively identifies supportive care needs for anal fistula patients post-surgery, providing a comprehensive basis for precision treatment and postoperative nursing.