[Progressive exophthalmos as a manifestation of adult xanthogranulomatous orbital disease].

Adult xanthogranulomatous orbital disease (AXOD) is an uncommon condition belonging to the group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. We present the case of a male with a recent diagnosis of adult-onset asthma, who presented with progressive bilateral eyelid edema of one year's duration. Imaging studies revealed diffuse thickening of orbital fat and extraocular muscles. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AXOD. The patient was treated with intraorbital (triamcinolone) and systemic (meprednisone) corticosteroids, with clinical and radiological improvement. The final diagnosis was AXOD in its form associated with adult-onset asthma. This case highlights the importance of considering AXOD in the differential diagnosis of progressive exophthalmos and the need for a multidisciplinary approach for its diagnosis and management.