Study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus patients by controlled attenuation parameter.

BACKGROUND

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIVs), but its prevalence and determinants remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of NAFLD and identify associated risk factors in PLHIVs.

METHODS

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 244 PLHIVs were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), with NAFLD defined as a CAP score >237 dB/m. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of NAFLD.

RESULTS

NAFLD was present in 55.3% of participants. Independent predictors included age >40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; p = 0.002), LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dL (OR: 1.9; p = 0.02), triglycerides >150 mg/dL (OR: 2.4; p < 0.001), and HIV duration >8 years (OR: 1.8; p = 0.03). Diabetes, hypertension, higher CD4 counts, and longer antiretroviral therapy exposure were more frequent in those with NAFLD but were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

NAFLD is common among PLHIVs, and its occurrence is strongly associated with older age, dyslipidemia, and longer HIV duration. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating routine liver assessment and metabolic risk management into long-term HIV care.