Copper-associated Chronic Hepatitis in Dogs.

Copper-associated hepatitis is a common cause of primary liver disease in dogs, generally caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, such as dietary copper intake. Several mutations involving the genes ATPase copper transporting alpha, ATPase copper transporting beta, and copper metabolism domain containing 1 partly explain heritability in certain breeds. Predisposed breeds include Bedlington terriers, Dobermanns, Labrador retrievers, Cavalier King Charles spaniels, West Highland White terriers, and Dalmatians. Early diagnosis through liver biopsy and copper quantification is critical to prevent cirrhosis. Genetic testing and selective breeding can help manage risk in predisposed breeds.