Protective roles of green plant extracts as functional foods and N-acetylcysteine against CCL4-induced hepatic toxicity on AML-12 cell line.

The current research work examined the protective effects of some green plant extracts compared with N-acetylcysteine against liver toxicity caused by CCL4 in hepatic Alpha Mouse Liver 12 (AML-12) cells. Using standard biochemical assays, oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and redox status were measured. Plant extracts boosted the survival rate to reach 86.05% (moringa), 83.64% (arugula), 79.45% (broccoli), 78.19% (mint), and 77.21% (celery). Moringa demonstrated the strongest hepatoprotection, with enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased to 46.66, 56.9, 77.61, and 156.51 U/L. N-acetylcysteine reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) to 3.44 nmol/mg and among plant extracts, moringa showed the greatest reduction at 3.65 nmol/mg. At 35.49, 31.25, and 24.04 U/mg, moringa demonstrated the highest plant-derived recovery for catalase (CAT), superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The strongest plant-derived protection was offered by moringa, which had a reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of 4.56. The highest reductions in inflammatory markers have been observed in arugula and moringa for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 38.05, 42.2 pg/mL, while Interleukin-6 (IL-6) reached 33.25, 28.54 pg/mL, respectively. Via enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx), maintaining GSH/GSSG balance, lowering MDA levels, and reducing cytokines related to inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6), broccoli, mint, and celery provided moderate and significant defense against CCL4-induced liver damage. Moringa and arugula, among the green extracts, were suggested as the most effective hepatoprotective agents.