Environmental Exposures of Concern for Rheumatologists: Ultraviolet Radiation.

Climate change is increasing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, posing a significant threat to individuals with autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren's syndrome. UVR induces both local and systemic immune dysregulation through DNA damage, autoantigen exposure, and interferon-driven inflammation. While UVR's cutaneous effects are well studied, its role in systemic disease progression remains unclear. Limited epidemiologic data and inconsistent definitions of photosensitivity hinder clinical guidance. More robust research is needed to understand UVR's role in disease pathogenesis and to develop effective prevention strategies as environmental UVR exposure continues to rise with climate change.