Effects of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation on oxidative stress, inflammation and coagulation function in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the effect of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation (SNM) on the neurogenic bladder (NB) following spinal cord injury (SCI). Pay close attention to the changes in serum oxidative stress factors, inflammatory factors and coagulation function.

METHODS

A total of 134 SCI-induced NB patients admitted between February 2021 and January 2025 were enrolled. All participants received information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) management, and patients were grouped according to their treatment regimen: a conventional group (n=71) receiving conventional treatment and an SNM group (n = 63) treated with SNM (20 Hz frequency, 1 Tesla intensity, 20-minute sessions, once a day, 5 times a week, for 4 consecutive weeks). Laboratory analyses included coagulation markers (D-dimer, fibrinogen), oxidative stress indicators (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and inflammatory mediators (IL-1<span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);">β</span>, IL-6, TNF-<span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);">α</span>, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]).

RESULTS

Coagulation function also improved, with lower D-dimer and fibrinogen levels in the SNM group (P&lt; 0.05). Regarding oxidative stress, the SNM group exhibited higher SOD and GSH-Px activity alongside reduced MDA levels (P&lt; 0.05). Furthermore, inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-<span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);">α</span>) were lower in the SNM group (P&lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

SNM can alleviate the stress response and inflammatory response of patients with SCI-induced NB, relieve the hypercoagulable state of blood, and has certain clinical application value.