Reduced incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at a tertiary care center due to enhanced compliance with evidence-based bundle care practices through structured training programs for ICU healthcare workers: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most prevalent hospital-acquired infections in ICU settings, significantly contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed to reduce the incidence of VAP by enhancing compliance with evidence-based bundle care practices through structured training programs for ICU healthcare workers.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental, prospective study was conducted in Medical and Respiratory ICUs over six months (October 2024 - March 2025). Phase 1 involved baseline assessment through direct observations and questionnaires, followed by intensive Hospital Infection Prevention and Control (HIPC) training sessions. Phase 2 reinforced the implementation of bundle care protocols with periodic audits and feedback. Data was collected on compliance rates and incidence of VAP.

RESULTS

VAP incidence was expressed as standardized rates per 1,000 ventilator days. Rates decreased from 10, 16.4 and 16 per 1,000 ventilator-days during the pre-intervention phase, October-December 2024 to 7.4, 5.3, and 4.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, respectively, during the post-intervention phase January-March 2025, demonstrating sustained improvement following bundle compliance interventions. Survey scores post-intervention averaged 68%, indicating improved knowledge and adherence.

CONCLUSION

Structured training and consistent reinforcement of VAP bundle practices were associated with improved compliance and a sustained downward trend in VAP incidence. This approach underscores the importance of targeted education and real-time audits in improving infection control practices.