Stevens-Johnson Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in a Pediatric Patient.

This report describes a rare case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) developing in the aftermath of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). A 15-year-old female patient, who had previously experienced an episode of SJS triggered by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), developed limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and was subsequently diagnosed with OSSN in the setting of chronic ocular surface inflammation. She was treated successfully with topical immunotherapy using interferon alpha-2b. This case highlights the pivotal role of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in driving neoplastic transformation of the ocular surface. In particular, severe immune-mediated disorders such as SJS can disrupt corneal homeostasis and establish a pro-oncogenic microenvironment that fosters dysplasia and neoplastic progression.