ApiRegenin, an Animal-Derived Platelet-Rich Plasma Extract, Accelerates Wound Healing of Chronic Diabetic Ulcer in Mice.

Background

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plays a crucial role in chronic wound healing by releasing growth factors that regulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and stimulate tissue regeneration. Methods and

Results

Here, an animal source of PRP, named ApiRegenin and derived from cultivated deer blood, was established. Specific protein and non-protein biomarkers-including nicotinamide, palmitic acid, IGF, and fibronectin-were validated to ensure batch-to-batch quality control. The pharmacological properties of ApiRegenin in cultured cells transfected with DNA encoding HRE and NF-κB reporter constructs were validated, serving as a functional control. In a skin-defective model of db/db diabetic mice, accelerated wound healing was observed following ApiRegenin treatment. Histological analysis revealed enhancements of re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. In parallel, the immunofluorescence staining of CD31, α-SMA, and VEGF was upregulated, indicating the promotion of angiogenesis. Furthermore, ApiRegenin treatment shifted the local immune microenvironment toward an M2-like macrophage phenotype, characterized by the downregulation of iNOS and the contrastive upregulation of Arg-1. At the molecular level, transcriptomic enrichment analysis suggested the prominent involvement of the HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and TNF signaling pathways.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that ApiRegenin effectively accelerates diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and modulating macrophage polarization.