Progress in the treatment of pulmonary valve regurgitation after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

In recent years, late pulmonary valve regurgitation after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot has gradually attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Early pulmonary valve regurgitation may be asymptomatic and even survive for a long time without symptoms. However, long-term pulmonary valve regurgitation and chronic right ventricular volume overload may lead to decreased exercise tolerance, decreased right ventricular ejection fraction, arrhythmia, and sudden death. How to provide standardised, scientific, and individualised treatment strategies and life-cycle health services for repaired Tetralogy of Fallot patients with long-term pulmonary valve regurgitation has become a challenge for CHD surgeons around the world. This review summarises the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary valve regurgitation after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot, the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of pulmonary valve regurgitation, the prevention of initial repair of Tetralogy of Fallot before pulmonary valve regurgitation, the determination of the intervention time of severe pulmonary valve regurgitation, the selection of the optimal intervention strategy, and the prospect of the future general clinical application of tissue engineering valved conduits, which are helpful to improve the long-term prognosis and quality of life of patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.