A Case of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis Due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A 73-year-old man from the Philippines with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis developed peritonitis. The infection was refractory to empiric therapy, and the pathogen was identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, when 4 weeks after collection, a preliminary positive AFB culture underwent PCR testing. He did not initially tolerate a regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol but temporarily tolerated rifabutin, levofloxacin, and ethambutol and ultimately tolerated a regimen of levofloxacin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. This case highlights the diagnostic and treatment challenges of peritonitis due to tuberculosis, emphasizing the importance of including tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis. Given the severity and the limited current understanding, further research is needed to guide effective management and improve outcomes.