Alterations in superficial and topographical anatomy in patients with idiopathic Bell's facial palsy.

Idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's palsy) is a spontaneous facial nerve palsy. It presents with a cluster of symptoms and alterations in superficial anatomy involving nerves, muscles, skin, and emotional expression. Although this palsy strongly affects the peripheral nervous system, no definitive studies have confirmed that it causes structural changes in the brain itself. Facial innervation presents a complex web of fibers, making surgical procedures in this region highly susceptible to injury. This narrative review summarizes the available literature to show how this complexity affects surgical practice in the facial region. Comprehension of the topographical anatomy is essential for achieving the best outcomes.