Differential diagnosis of upper airway disease in children.

Upper airway disease in childhood is very common and can be life-threatening. It is important to differentiate between the various causes of airway obstruction in children. A croupy cough can signal acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), acute epiglottitis, or aspiration of a foreign body. The problem must be quickly and accurately diagnosed, followed by appropriate management and careful monitoring. Morbidity and mortality can be high in certain instances. Therefore, the physician must know the indications for hospitalization.