Transcriptomic analysis of cadmium induced hepatotoxicity in Labeo rohita.

This study investigated cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in Labeo rohita by histological and transcriptomic analyses at 0.05, 0.5, and 3.4 ppm for 14 days. Histological damages comprised sinusoidal architecture, leukocyte infiltration, vacuolization, necrosis, thrombosis, and hemorrhage, indicating impaired detoxification and tissue integrity at increased Cd concentration. Transcriptomic analysis detected 8322, 6371 and 4526 DEGs at 0.05, 0.5, and 3.4 ppm respectively. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed alterations in immune responses, metabolic pathways, and cellular signaling processes, notably the PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways, which are critical for cell survival, proliferation, and stress responses. Cadmium disrupts cytokine signaling, diminishes antioxidant activity, and hinders metabolic regulation, leading to liver dysfunction. Additionally, significant modulation of amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism indicated metabolic reprogramming under stress. Overall, Cd compromise immune defense, and trigger oxidative stress, underscoring its detrimental effects on fish liver which might be considered for sustainable aquaculture.