[Diagnosis and treatment of nystagmus].

Nystagmus is a common and challenging ophthalmic disorder characterized by involuntary, rhythmic, to-and-fro or jerky oscillations of the eyes. Its etiology is complex, and it severely affects patients' visual quality and quality of life. In recent years, with the rapid development of neuro-ophthalmology, genetics, and imaging technologies, significant progress has been made both domestically and internationally in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms, refined diagnostic classification, and diversified treatment strategies for nystagmus. Based on previous expert consensus, research literature, and the latest evidence-based medical evidence, this article summarizes the classification criteria, examination and diagnostic methods, and treatment principles and strategies for nystagmus, and discusses the application prospects and research directions of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, aiming to provide a practical reference for clinical work in ophthalmology and related disciplines.