Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Dupilumab treatment is not associated with changes in lymphoma risk in atopic dermatitis and other type 2 inflammatory diseases: data from a large-scale retrospective cohort study.
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Kridin Khalaf, Bieber Katja, Olbrich Henning, von Bubnoff Dagmar, Hernandez Gema, Zirpel Henner, von Bubnoff Nikolas, Thaçi Diamant, Ludwig Ralf J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and lymphoma risk remains inconclusive. Dupilumab, approved for moderate-to-severe AD, has been linked to an increased lymphoma risk, raising significant concerns.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to clarify the association between AD and lymphoma risk and extend to non-dermatological type 2 inflammatory diseases (T2IDs). This study also aimed to assess the impact of dupilumab on lymphoma risk in AD and non-dermatological T2IDs.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Propensity-score matching allowed for better comparability, and sensitivity analyses ensured robustness.
RESULTS: Among 801,508 cases and controls, AD was associated with an increased risk of lymphoma, e.g., cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Among 14.4 million cases and controls, non-dermatological T2IDs also conferred an increased lymphoma risk. In the comparison of AD patients treated with dupilumab versus other systemic treatments (n = 7,840 per group), dupilumab exposure did not alter the risk for lymphomas but tended toward reduced risks. This decreased risk association was most evident in non-dermatological T2IDs (n = 16,908 per group).
LIMITATIONS: Retrospective data analysis, data quality, possible false registration of ICD-10-codes.
CONCLUSION: T2IDs, including AD, are associated with a significantly increased risk for lymphoma. Treatment with dupilumab partially ameliorates this risk association, especially for NHL.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to clarify the association between AD and lymphoma risk and extend to non-dermatological type 2 inflammatory diseases (T2IDs). This study also aimed to assess the impact of dupilumab on lymphoma risk in AD and non-dermatological T2IDs.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Propensity-score matching allowed for better comparability, and sensitivity analyses ensured robustness.
RESULTS: Among 801,508 cases and controls, AD was associated with an increased risk of lymphoma, e.g., cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Among 14.4 million cases and controls, non-dermatological T2IDs also conferred an increased lymphoma risk. In the comparison of AD patients treated with dupilumab versus other systemic treatments (n = 7,840 per group), dupilumab exposure did not alter the risk for lymphomas but tended toward reduced risks. This decreased risk association was most evident in non-dermatological T2IDs (n = 16,908 per group).
LIMITATIONS: Retrospective data analysis, data quality, possible false registration of ICD-10-codes.
CONCLUSION: T2IDs, including AD, are associated with a significantly increased risk for lymphoma. Treatment with dupilumab partially ameliorates this risk association, especially for NHL.