Treatment parameters and safety of photobiomodulation in wound care.

Hard-to-heal wounds are a major unmet clinical need, causing pain, disability, prolonged treatment and substantial healthcare costs. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a red and near-infrared light therapy that promotes wound healing, reduces inflammation and relieves pain. The THOR LED cluster delivers a therapeutic PBM dose in 60 seconds and may be used alongside standard wound care for pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. PBM works by stimulating mitochondrial function. Light energy is absorbed in the mitochondria by cytochrome c oxidase, releasing nitric oxide, increasing adenosine triphosphate production and modulating reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing inflammation, improving cellular function and increasing blood flow and microcirculation. This article outlines the principles, treatment parameters and clinical protocols required for safe and effective PBM treatment of wounds.