Splenic Focused Ultrasound Improves Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension and Reprograms Immune Responses in Female and Male Rats.

Splenic focused ultrasound (sFUS) neuromodulation improves monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats of both sexes, with females achieving near-normalization of right ventricular systolic pressure and males showing partial improvement. In male and female animals, sFUS reduces pulmonary CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, and reduces splenic monocytes. Splenic single-cell transcriptomic analysis in the SU5416/hypoxia model revealed sex-specific immune responses, including persistent interferon signaling in males.