[A brown tumor of the mandible and hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal insufficiency. Review of the literature apropos of a case].

We report on a brown tumor of the mandible in a hemodialysed female patient with severe uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism. Multiple other brown tumors were associated. The hyperparathyroidism was treated with a subtotal parathyroidectomy because only three parathyroids were found. Parathyroid removal led to normal C-terminal parathyroid hormone concentration (0 ng/ml). A review of the literature has shown that parathyroidectomy is usually curative. Our patient demonstrated, eleven days after the parathyroid surgery, rapid growth of the mandibular tumor. This unusual evolution has justified a local excision of the tumor. Histological preparations have confirmed the diagnostic of brown tumor with an important capillary proliferation.