Advancing mediastinal sampling in non-metastatic lymphadenopathy.

Despite advances in PET/CT, tissue confirmation remains essential for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. EBUS-TBNA is minimally invasive but limited by cytology, particularly in benign disease and lymphoma. Emerging EBUS-guided techniques, notably transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy, improve diagnostic yield where tissue architecture is required. The multicenter randomized study1 strengthens evidence for its added value, while underscoring the need for selective application and standardized, indication-specific trials.