Schistosomiasis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Brazil: A Call to Action for Enhanced Diagnostic Recognition-2025 Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Infection in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Consortium Perspectives.

Schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (Sch-PAH) is one of the most frequent etiologies of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Brazil and globally. The disease is a complication of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis characterized by portal hypertension, egg deposition, and granuloma formation in the pulmonary arteries leading to inflammation, vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and progressive right heart failure. During the Infection in Pulmonary Vascular Disease (iPVD) consortium meeting during the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI) annual meeting in January 2025, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a dedicated symposium entitled schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary vascular disease in Latin America addressed the most relevant aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of Sch-PAH in Brazil. This review summarizes the main discussed topics and serves as a call to increase efforts to understand the disease burden better and enhance diagnostic proficiency.