[Perineural spread by fungal cells. Case report and literature review].

The perineural spread by fungal cells during the progression of the infection could be an important prognostic factor, especially in mycoses localized in the rhino-orbito-cerebral and pulmonary areas. We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old male, with diabetes and acute myelomonocytic leukaemia that began with tumefaction on the left side of his face, spreading to the sinus with invasion of the soft tissues and fistulae in the oral cavity. Clinical examination showed cerebral involvement. The histopathological sections and the histochemical techniques showed perineural involvement by fungal cells. Although the patient was diagnosed and treated in a short period of time, he died due to the infection. We would like to alert that perineural spread could be a retrograde way of mycoses dissemination, particularly in infections located in areas rich in neural cells.