Risk factors for postlaser refractive surgery corneal ectasia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize newly reported and update previously known risk factors for post laser vision correction (LVC) corneal ectasia.

RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in corneal topography and tomography have improved detection of preclinical ectasia-related changes. This has allowed for enhanced screening of surgical candidates. There are also known genetic predispositions for corneal ectasia, and recent genetic analyses have revealed various genes and inflammatory biomolecular markers related to corneal biomechanical integrity. Other models of risk assessment such as finite element biomechanical modeling and artificial intelligence tools have shown promise in detecting more subtle risk factors, such as those related to mechanical strain.

SUMMARY: Risk factors for post-LVC corneal ectasia involve both surgery and patient-specific characteristics, such as topographic and tomographic abnormalities, younger age, thinner preoperative corneas, and residual stromal beds, high myopia, and higher percentage tissue altered. Preoperative risk stratification has helped to decrease the incidence of postoperative ectasia, a trend which will likely continue with advancements in analytic tools and better understanding of underlying genetic predispositions.