[A Comprehensive Review on Glycogen Storage Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies].

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a hereditary metabolic disorder caused by defective enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. GSD leads to abnormal glycogen accumulation in tissues, such as the liver, muscles, and heart, resulting in various clinical symptoms, including hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, muscle weakness, and heart dysfunction. There are several types of GSD. Each type of GSD is caused by a deficiency of a specific enzyme, and its clinical symptoms can vary significantly depending on the affected enzyme and organ systems. Advances in molecular genetics have elucidated the genetic basis of GSD, improving its diagnostic accuracy, and enhancing our understanding of its pathophysiology. This review focused on the molecular mechanisms, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment strategies for all types of GSD, including dietary management, enzyme replacement therapy, and emerging genetic therapies. It also addressed challenges relating to treatment adherence, long-term outcomes, and future research directions. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans are essential for improving the prognosis of patients with GSD. Continued research to discover more effective treatment options, and ultimately, cure the disease is crucial.