IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2026
Single-Operator Cancer Vision Goggles for Quantitative Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Oncologic Surgery.
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Xu Xiao, Zhang Haini, Ta Christopher, Zurutuza Ian, Blasi Nicole, Gautam Krishna Sharmah, Hongsermeier Cody, Trivedi Varun, Jovan Jaden, Nussinov Zohar, Seidel Alexander, Li Fangchen, Shen Mutian, Leu William, Hite Henry, Dunn John, Buras William, Gao Jinming, Sumer Baran, Akers Walter J, Achilefu Samuel
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging systems often require multiple operators and lack standardized acquisition constraints, limiting reproducibility across users and sites. We present a single-operator, wearable Cancer Vision Goggles (CVG) platform for hands-free NIRF guidance while preserving a radiometrically faithful reference stream for quantitative analysis.
METHODS: The head-mounted binocular CVG integrates synchronized visible/NIR cameras, real-time co-registration to an optical see-through display, green alignment lasers converging at a preset 50-cm distance to standardize geometry, and a posture-dependent laser safety interlock. A Bluetooth foot pedal and graphical user interface enable hands-free paired laser-on/laser-off snapshot capture. Performance was characterized using USAF targets and ICG Intralipid phantoms, and validated in vivo in a 4T1 murine tumor model using LS301-HSA and in the operating room by ex vivo imaging of head and neck cancer specimens from patients injected with Pegsitacianine.
RESULTS: At 50 cm, spatial resolution was 281 μm; the excitation field exhibited peak irradiance of 26.4 ± 2.2 mW/cm2 with 73.8 ± 3.2 mm FWMH. Phantom studies achieved signal-to-background ratio (SBR) >1 at 100 pM (raw Bayer) and 300 pM (Y-luminance), with linear behavior at low-to-moderate concentrations. Murine tumors and human specimens demonstrated consistent tumor-associated NIRF localization. Real-time dynamic thresholding enhanced tumor-background delineation and on-display reporting of fluorescence metrics for data-driven guidance.
CONCLUSION: This CVG platform offers a wearable, single-operator NIRF imaging system that combines distance-enforced acquisition, integrated safety, a hands-free workflow, and dual-spectral imaging, preserving a radiometrically linear reference for quantitative analysis.
SIGNIFICANCE: Standardized acquisition supports reproducible fluorescence imaging and analyzable translational datasets.
METHODS: The head-mounted binocular CVG integrates synchronized visible/NIR cameras, real-time co-registration to an optical see-through display, green alignment lasers converging at a preset 50-cm distance to standardize geometry, and a posture-dependent laser safety interlock. A Bluetooth foot pedal and graphical user interface enable hands-free paired laser-on/laser-off snapshot capture. Performance was characterized using USAF targets and ICG Intralipid phantoms, and validated in vivo in a 4T1 murine tumor model using LS301-HSA and in the operating room by ex vivo imaging of head and neck cancer specimens from patients injected with Pegsitacianine.
RESULTS: At 50 cm, spatial resolution was 281 μm; the excitation field exhibited peak irradiance of 26.4 ± 2.2 mW/cm2 with 73.8 ± 3.2 mm FWMH. Phantom studies achieved signal-to-background ratio (SBR) >1 at 100 pM (raw Bayer) and 300 pM (Y-luminance), with linear behavior at low-to-moderate concentrations. Murine tumors and human specimens demonstrated consistent tumor-associated NIRF localization. Real-time dynamic thresholding enhanced tumor-background delineation and on-display reporting of fluorescence metrics for data-driven guidance.
CONCLUSION: This CVG platform offers a wearable, single-operator NIRF imaging system that combines distance-enforced acquisition, integrated safety, a hands-free workflow, and dual-spectral imaging, preserving a radiometrically linear reference for quantitative analysis.
SIGNIFICANCE: Standardized acquisition supports reproducible fluorescence imaging and analyzable translational datasets.