Modeling Early Human Embryo Implantation Using Human Endometrial Organoids and Embryo Surrogate Co-cultures for microRNA Transfection.

In vitro models of human implantation offer a powerful approach to studying the molecular and cellular events critical for a successful pregnancy. In this chapter, we describe a method that combines human endometrial epithelial organoids with human embryo surrogate co-cultures to model the early stages of implantation. Endometrial epithelial organoids, derived from primary tissue, are co-cultured with human cytotrophoblast progenitor cells to simulate the uterine microenvironment during implantation. This model enables a focused study of embryo adhesion and key signaling pathways, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying implantation and reproductive disorders such as infertility.