TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026
Physical Signs and Hematological and Biochemical Alterations in Salmonella-Plasmodium Sequentially Coinfected Albino Wistar Rats.
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Ngouateu Omer Bébé, Kamkumo Raceline Gounoue, Lunga Paul Keilah, Temfack Ulrich Kévin Kento, Kede Léon Daniel Kede, Atsamo Albert Donatien, Nangap Marius Jaures Tsakem, Djomeni Paul Désiré Dzeufiet, Dondji Blaise, Kamtchouing Pierre
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: In endemic countries, people remain at risk of contracting both malaria and typhoid concurrently. Though experimental animal models are very reliable for understanding human diseases, the rat model for Plasmodium-Salmonella coinfection remains underresearched.
OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to characterize the rat model of malaria-typhoid coinfection focusing on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters.
METHODS: Thirty-four Wistar rats were distributed into five groups including normal control, immunosuppressed, Salmonella-infected, Plasmodium-infected, and Salmonella-Plasmodium-coinfected. Physical signs, mobility, and the fecal appearance of animals were observed. Plasmodium load was monitored through microscopic Giemsa-staining thin blood smears. Concurrently, Salmonella load was evaluated after feces culture in Shigella-Salmonella agar medium based on the McFarland turbidity to determine the number of colony-forming units. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed using an automatic hematology analyzer and a spectrophotometer, respectively.
RESULTS: All the infected animals exhibited at least one clinical sign including piloerection, eye depigmentation, or hyperthermia. Coinfected animals showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis compared with monoinfected animals. A significant (p < 0.001) drop in total blood proteins and cholesterol levels was observed in infected rats, with a remarkable decrease in Salmonella-Plasmodium-coinfected rats, whereas transaminase levels significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the same coinfected group.
CONCLUSION: This model provides many important features of Salmonella and Plasmodium sequential coinfection and therefore may be used as a tool to better understand, diagnose, and care for human malaria and/or typhoid pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to characterize the rat model of malaria-typhoid coinfection focusing on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters.
METHODS: Thirty-four Wistar rats were distributed into five groups including normal control, immunosuppressed, Salmonella-infected, Plasmodium-infected, and Salmonella-Plasmodium-coinfected. Physical signs, mobility, and the fecal appearance of animals were observed. Plasmodium load was monitored through microscopic Giemsa-staining thin blood smears. Concurrently, Salmonella load was evaluated after feces culture in Shigella-Salmonella agar medium based on the McFarland turbidity to determine the number of colony-forming units. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed using an automatic hematology analyzer and a spectrophotometer, respectively.
RESULTS: All the infected animals exhibited at least one clinical sign including piloerection, eye depigmentation, or hyperthermia. Coinfected animals showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis compared with monoinfected animals. A significant (p < 0.001) drop in total blood proteins and cholesterol levels was observed in infected rats, with a remarkable decrease in Salmonella-Plasmodium-coinfected rats, whereas transaminase levels significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the same coinfected group.
CONCLUSION: This model provides many important features of Salmonella and Plasmodium sequential coinfection and therefore may be used as a tool to better understand, diagnose, and care for human malaria and/or typhoid pathogenesis.