Frontiers in immunology · 2023
Regulation of immune response against third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae by human genes.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Puasri Pattarasuda, Dechkhajorn Wilanee, Dekumyoy Paron, Yoonuan Tippayarat, Ampawong Sumate, Reamtong Onrapak, Boonyuen Usa, Benjathummarak Surachet, Maneerat Yaowapa
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Gnathostomiasis is an important zoonosis in tropical areas that is mainly caused by third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae (G. spinigerum L3).
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to prove whether G. spinigerum L3 produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate human gene profiles related to the immune response against the larvae.
METHODS: We created an immune cell model using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with the larvae for 1 and 3 days, respectively. The PBMCs were harvested for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The EV ultrastructure was examined in the larvae and the cultured medium.
RESULTS: Extracellular vesicle-like particles were observed under the larval teguments and in the pellets in the medium. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 2,847 and 3,118 genes were significantly expressed on days 1 and 3 after culture, respectively. The downregulated genes on day 1 after culture were involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines, the complement system and apoptosis, whereas those on day 3 were involved in T cell-dependent B cell activation and wound healing. Significantly upregulated genes related to cell proliferation, activation and development, as well as cytotoxicity, were observed on day 1, and genes regulating T cell maturation, granulocyte function, nuclear factor-κB and toll-like receptor pathways were predominantly observed on day 3 after culture.
CONCLUSION: G. spinigerum L3 produces EV-like particles and releases them into the excretory-secretory products. Overall, genotypic findings during our 3-day observation revealed that most significant gene expressions were related to T and B cell signalling, driving T helper 2 cells related to chronic infection, immune evasion of the larvae, and the pathogenesis of gnathostomiasis. Further in-depth studies are necessary to clarify gene functions in the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of the infective larvae.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to prove whether G. spinigerum L3 produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate human gene profiles related to the immune response against the larvae.
METHODS: We created an immune cell model using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with the larvae for 1 and 3 days, respectively. The PBMCs were harvested for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The EV ultrastructure was examined in the larvae and the cultured medium.
RESULTS: Extracellular vesicle-like particles were observed under the larval teguments and in the pellets in the medium. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 2,847 and 3,118 genes were significantly expressed on days 1 and 3 after culture, respectively. The downregulated genes on day 1 after culture were involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines, the complement system and apoptosis, whereas those on day 3 were involved in T cell-dependent B cell activation and wound healing. Significantly upregulated genes related to cell proliferation, activation and development, as well as cytotoxicity, were observed on day 1, and genes regulating T cell maturation, granulocyte function, nuclear factor-κB and toll-like receptor pathways were predominantly observed on day 3 after culture.
CONCLUSION: G. spinigerum L3 produces EV-like particles and releases them into the excretory-secretory products. Overall, genotypic findings during our 3-day observation revealed that most significant gene expressions were related to T and B cell signalling, driving T helper 2 cells related to chronic infection, immune evasion of the larvae, and the pathogenesis of gnathostomiasis. Further in-depth studies are necessary to clarify gene functions in the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of the infective larvae.