Ammi visnaga (Visnaga daucoides) & Ammi majus as a novel thyrotherapeutic phytoalternative for rat with L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism is a worldwide health problem mainly associated with potential health consequences such as heart failure, liver dysfunction, thyroid eye disease, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration & nervousness; moreover, it could turn into emergent thyrotoxicosis. Right now, there are limited options to regress hyperthyroidism, including surgery, ablation, & Thionamides, while each of them is fraught with risk, making the clinical decision very complicated. Thus, finding a sustainable, safe alternative with Thionamides' potency but with no/ limited adverse effects is a distinct clinical necessity. Hence, we investigate the antithyroid activity of two Apiaceae species, Ammi visnaga & Ammi majus, against L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism. For this, the prepared methanolic extracts were tested at two upgrading doses (100 & 200 mg/kg), & the measured thyroid, metabolic, & liver parameters were compared to those of the negative, positive, & Propylthiouracil groups. Our results showed that both doses of both species effectively alleviate hyperthyroidism within a short time, as confirmed by histopathological & hormonal assessments. Strikingly, our study revealed that the low doses of both species acted only on the circulatory hormones (TSH, T4, & T3) without a significant impact on the glandular architecture. In contrast, the high doses of both species affected both the circulatory & glandular sides. This was reflected in the metabolic status, which showed normalization of calcium, cholesterol, & glucose levels, as well as improved weight gain. Regressing hyperthyroidism with both doses of the two species results in a significant improvement in liver profile, as indicated by ALT & AST levels. The impact of low & high doses of both species on thyroid, metabolic, & liver parameters was statistically significant compared to the reference groups. Therefore, we deduce that both species may be of medical relevance in combating hyperthyroidism with minimal repercussions.