[Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever outbreaks in China from 2008 to 2024].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever outbreaks in China from 2008 to 2024 and to provide a reference basis for the optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures for typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever. Methods: The data were derived from the national public health emergency data of typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever from 2008 to 2024 in the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The database was established using Excel 2016, and statistical analysis was conducted using R 4.2.3, SPSS 25.0, and OriginPro 2021. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze characteristics on typhoid/paratyphoid outbreaks across the country from 2008 to 2024. Results: A total of 64 outbreaks of typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever were reported across the country from 2008 to 2024, including 42 (65.63%) typhoid outbreaks and 22 (34.37%) paratyphoid outbreaks. The paratyphoid fever outbreaks were mainly of type A paratyphoid (18 cases, 81.82%). Among the 64 outbreaks of typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever, the total attack rate was 0.35% (3 518/995 440), and there was one death. The epidemic outbreak period was mainly from July to October (50.00%, 32/64), with the main occurrence sites being villages (46.88%, 30/64) and schools (34.37%, 22/64). The main transmission routes were water source pollution (45.31%, 29/64) and foodborne pollution (21.87%,14/64). The timeliness of reporting outbreaks was generally good (M=0.07 day), but there were still cases of untimely reporting, and the duration of reporting outbreaks was relatively long (M=34.05 day). Conclusions: From 2008 to 2024, the number of reported outbreaks of typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever in China showed an overall downward trend. The transmission was mainly waterborne, with a high incidence period from July to October. It mostly occurred in villages and schools. Monitoring of key groups such as farmers and students should be strengthened, and their reporting mechanisms should be improved to detect and control sources of infection as early as possible. Moreover, formulate scientifically effective targeted prevention and control measures.