Binocular function in patients with age-related macular degeneration: a review.

Normally sighted observers typically benefit from binocular viewing when monocular sensitivities are equivalent. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) not only destroys the foveal vision, however, but it also affects the 2 eyes unequally, providing grounds for impairment of binocular function. The aim of the present article is to provide a review of the current research on the effect of AMD on binocular vision. The main findings to date reveal that a high proportion of patients show characteristics of binocular contrast inhibition at low and medium spatial frequencies. Yet binocular acuity gain is not different from that of age-matched control participants without AMD. Additional findings show that rivalry processes are severely disrupted in patients with AMD. The effects of the disease on other binocular functions have yet to be explored. Knowledge of binocular function in AMD may one day help clinicians decide on the most appropriate management and rehabilitation techniques.