The role and effects of metabolic and bariatric surgery on endometrial cancer care.

Obesity has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the United States, contributing to various obesity-related medical conditions and affecting women's health. It has been shown to be a major modifiable risk factor in the development of menstrual cycle disorders, anovulation, and infertility. It remains the second leading cause of cancer in general, and its increasing incidence has been associated with an increased risk of female- and hormone-specific cancers, especially endometrial cancer. Various mechanisms have been implicated in the relationship between adiposity and endometrial proliferation, which include but are not limited to hormonal pathway disruptions and hyperinsulinemia. This well-established connection has necessitated interventions that target weight loss. Bariatric surgery remains one of the most sustainable and effective long-term treatments, which not only leads to successful weight loss, but also restores the physiologic hormonal pathways, contributing to improved women's health, fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Most importantly, weight-loss surgery has been proven to reduce the incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer and to mediate other obesity-related medical conditions that impact overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer. With more studies evaluating the effects of bariatric surgery on endometrial cancer over the long-term, it can increasingly be advocated as a potential adjunct treatment in this regard.