IMPACT OF PHACOEMULSIFICATION ON NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ACTIVITY: Predictive Role of Choroidal Vascularity and MNV Subtypes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of cataract surgery on disease activity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and determine whether choroidal biomarkers and macular neovascularization (MNV) subtypes predict increased postoperative treatment requirements.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 84 eyes from 84 patients with nAMD who underwent phacoemulsification while receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Increased treatment need was defined as a shortened injection interval or occurrence of submacular hemorrhage. Pre- and postoperative choroidal vascularity index (CVI), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and central subfield thickness (CSMT) were analyzed using EDI-OCT within 1 month before and after surgery. MNV subtypes were classified as type 1, type 2, retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

RESULTS

Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable after cataract surgery (from 0.39 ± 0.27 [20/49] to 0.38 ± 0.28 logMAR [20/49]; P = 0.907), with no significant differences among MNV subtypes. Increased treatment need occurred in 45.2% of eyes. Both CVI and SFCT increased significantly postoperatively ( P < 0.001). Eyes with increased treatment need showed significantly higher preoperative and postoperative CVI ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.032, respectively). The PCV subtype demonstrated the highest rates of increased treatment need and the shortest injection intervals. Higher preoperative CVI independently predicted increased postoperative treatment need (OR = 1.13; P = 0.019).

CONCLUSION

Cataract surgery may affect disease activity in a subset of patients with nAMD, particularly those with PCV and increased CVI. Preoperative choroidal characteristics such as CVI and SFCT may provide valuable insights for risk stratification and postoperative management.