Long COVID-19 in Spain: A Phenomenological Exploration of Health, Support, and Systemic Challenges.

INTRODUCTION

Long COVID-19 is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by persistent and fluctuating symptoms extending beyond the acute phase of infection.

AIM: To explore the health and support experiences of the Spanish population living with long COVID-19.

METHODOLOGY: A qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over 10 months (2023-2024) across 17 Spanish provinces. The sample included 36 participants.

RESULTS

Participants reported persistent and fluctuating symptoms that severely limited daily functioning and generated anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic distress. Chronic fatigue and cognitive impairment affected social participation and work performance, frequently leading to absenteeism and job loss. Delayed diagnosis limited professional knowledge, and perceived lack of credibility contributed to dissatisfaction with healthcare services. Family members and patient associations were key sources of emotional and practical support.

CONCLUSIONS

Long COVID-19 has a multidimensional impact that requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Participants' narratives reveal how underestimation of symptoms, delayed diagnosis, social stigma, limited healthcare and social support, additional family burdens, and disrupted work and social routines create complexity in care and challenge existing health and economic systems.