Proteomic Alterations and Antimicrobial Effects of Postbiotics from Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium.

The study conducted presents the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of postbiotics obtained from Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Integrated microbiological and proteomic approaches proved that all postbiotics inhibited bacterial growth as well as biofilm formation with high biocompatibility to mammalian cells. Transcriptional and proteomic analyses indicated that exposure to postbiotics modulated major virulence-associated genes and proteins related to motility, adhesion, and stress adaptation. These molecular changes allow the assumption that postbiotics are able to attenuate pathogenicity through multifactorial mechanisms rather than direct bactericidal effects. In summary, this study results in an expression of interest in probiotic-derived postbiotics as safe and stable non-antibiotic agents for the control of multidrug-resistant pathogens in biofilm-related infections.