Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis is a common and painful side effect in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy, causing inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa. This condition severely impacts a patient's ability to eat, speak, or swallow, making effective prevention crucial for improving quality of life. This review aimed to evaluate and compare treatments for radiation-induced oral mucositis, focusing on symptom relief and side effects. We included studies with clear outcome measures, pre- and post-treatment scores, and demographic data, excluding case reports, reviews, and abstracts. Our literature search through PubMed and the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) identified 190 articles, which were narrowed down to nine after abstract analysis. From the systematic review findings, omega-3 nanoemulgel demonstrated the lowest complication rate (2.9%), with minimal impact on symptoms, making it the most effective treatment. In contrast, rebamipide and benzydamine had higher complication rates (25% and 28%, respectively) and less significant symptom relief. Given its safety, efficacy, and minimal side effects, omega-3 nanoemulgel should be considered a first-line preventive treatment for oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.