[Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a 15-month-old child treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation].

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a known complication of mechanical ventilation of preterm infants. PIE is associated with high mortality and treatment is controversial as both surgery and conservative treatment are possibilities. We present a case with a 15-month-old previously healthy child, hospitalized with severe respiratory distress. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed localized PIE. He was successfully treated.