Comprehensive Evaluation of TMJ Dysfunction, Postural Control, and Adaptive Skills in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

PURPOSE: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the relationships between TMJ dysfunction, cervical posture, functional balance, dual-task performance, and social adaptive skills in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

METHODS

The study included 23 individuals with ASD aged 4-17 years and 23 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls. Participant information was collected using a case evaluation form. TMJ dysfunction was assessed using the Helkimo Index, cervical posture using the PostureScreen application, and functional balance using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Dual-task performance was evaluated through motor and cognitive task combinations, and social adaptation was measured with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.

RESULTS

the ASD group had significantly longer TUG durations compared to controls (p < 0.05). Mandibular movements and Helkimo Index scores were also significantly higher in the ASD group (p < 0.05). In the Ten-Meter Walk Test across all motor and dual-task conditions, the ASD group again demonstrated significantly longer durations (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in cervical range of motion between groups (p > 0.05). However, the ASD group scored significantly lower on Vineland total and subscale scores (p < 0.05). Postural analysis revealed significant differences in several head and shoulder displacement distances and angles (p < 0.05). Moderate positive correlations were found between the Ten-Meter Motor Test (and its sub-dimensions) and Helkimo scores.

CONCLUSION

Individuals with ASD exhibit TMJ dysfunction, balance impairments, dual-task difficulties, and reduced social adaptation skills, supporting the need for multidimensional assessment approaches.