Protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against cisplatin-induced necrotic and degenerative oral mucositis in rats.

BACKGROUND

Inflammation, oxidative damage, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion play a role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin (CIS)-induced oral mucositis.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of ATP against potential oral mucositis development in cisplatin-treated rats. Methodology All rats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely healthy control group (HG), ATP group (ATPG), Cisplatin group (CISG), and ATP + Cisplatin group (ATCS). Firstly, ATP 4 mg/kg was administered via intraperitoneal injection (IP) to both ATPG and ATCS groups. The same volume of normal saline was injected into HG and CISG groups. After 1 h, cisplatin 5 mg/kg was administered via IP to CISG and ATCS groups. The drugs were taken 1x1 for 7 d. Later, tongue tissues were collected from all groups. Biochemical, macroscopic, and histopathological examinations were performed on all tissues.

RESULTS

ATP inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in tongue tissue. In the CIS group, a significant number of distinct sulcus formations were found in the apex and corpus, as well as a few ulcer foci in the corpus, significant papilla loss, and bleeding. Meanwhile, in the ATP group, a similar appearance to healthy tissue was observed. Histopathologically, it was determined that in cisplatin-aggravated tongue tissue damage, filiform papillae decreased when ATP was administered, and the arrangement and structures of the epithelium, blood capillaries, muscle groups, and adipose cell groups were normal.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral mucositis caused by cisplatin is alleviated by ATP. These findings may be useful for developing new therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat mucositis, a side effect so severe that can lead to treatment discontinuation.