Manganese‑containing mesoporous bioactive glass with antioxidative and osteogenic activities for periodontitis treatment.

Alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis is a major clinical challenge due to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is widely used for bone regeneration but lacks ROS scavenging capacity. Manganese (Mn) possesses cascade superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT)-mimetic activity. Herein, manganese-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Mn-MBG) nanoparticles (∼70 nm) were synthesized via a sol-gel method. The Mn‑MBG released Mn, Si, and Ca ions and exhibited a ROS-scavenging effect through its SOD/CAT-mimetic cascade. In vitro, a low concentration of Mn-MBG showed good cytocompatibility, reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). It also regulated autophagy‑related protein expression (upregulating LC3‑II and reducing p62) and promoted osteogenic capacity under oxidative stress. In a rat periodontitis model, local administration of Mn-MBG significantly promoted alveolar bone regeneration without adverse effects. Collectively, these findings suggest that Mn-MBG alleviates oxidative stress and promotes bone regeneration, offering a potential strategy for periodontitis treatment.